WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2013 - 2014
ME 401
THERMAL TURBO MACHINES
Instruction 4+1 periods per week
Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
Unit-1
Introduction to compressible flows: Speed of propagation of pressure waves, Mach number, Acoustic velocity and Mach cone, limits of compressibility, pressure field due to a moving source of disturbance, one dimensional compressible flow.
Isentropic flow with variable area, Mach number variation, Area ratio as function of Mach number, flow through nozzles and diffusers.
Flow in constant area ducts with friction-Fanno flow, variation of flow properties, variation of Mach number with duct length, isothermal flow with friction
Unit-II
Flow in constant area duct with Heat Transfer, -The Rayleigh liner, Rayleigh flow relations, variation of flow properties, Maximum heat transfer.
Flow with Shock Waves-Development of Normal Shock waves, governing equations, Prandtl -Meyer relation, Rankine-Hugoniot equations, Stagnation pressure ratio across shock.
Unit-III
Blade nomenclature of an aerofoil, Rotodynamic compressors: Introduction and general classification, Comparison of Reciprocating and Rotary compressors, Positive displacement Rotary compressors, Flow through rotary compressors. Static and total head quantities, Thermodynamic cycles and work done,calculation of various efficiencies. Velocity diagrams and prewhirl. Euler equation for energy transfer between fluid and rotor, Analysis of Centrifugal compressors and analysis of axial flow compressors, Chocking, Surging and Stalling.
Unit-IV
Steam Turbines: Classification, flow over blades, pressure velocity variations, Compounding of steam turbines- pressure compounding, velocity compounding and pressure-velocity compounding, Impulse turbine with several blade rings, Nozzle efficiency, Blade efficiency and Gross stage
2
efficiency of Impulse turbine, Velocity diagrams for Impulse turbine-De Laval Turbine, blade efficiency of Impulse turbine, Optimum blade speed ratio, Maximum work done and blade efficiency of Impulse turbine, Degree of reaction of Reaction turbine, Parson Reaction turbine, Velocity diagram for Parson Reaction turbine, blade efficiency of Parson Reaction turbine, Maximum work done and blade efficiency of Parson Reaction turbine, Height of blades of Reaction turbine, Balancing of End thrust,
Unit-V
Gas Turbines: Applications and Classification of Gas Turbines- constant pressure and constant volume gas turbines, Joule cycle-configuration diagram and temp-entropy diagram, Thermal efficiency of Joules cycle, Maximum pressure ratio in terms of temperature ratio, optimum pressure ratio for maximum work output with and without considering machine efficiencies, Improvement of gas turbine plant performance- Inter-cooling, Reheating and Regeneration. Simple Problems on Joule cycle.
Air Craft Propulsion: Air craft engine types, air craft propulsion theory, Turbo jet engines, Ramjet engines, Pulse jet engines, Rocket Propulsion: Types of Propellants, Types of Rocket engines, Rocket propulsion theory-Rocket applications.
Suggested Reading:
- 1.Yahya S M, Fundamentals of Compressible Flow, New Age International Publishers, Third Edition, 2007.
- 2.Mathur ML, & Mehta F S, Thermal Engineering, Jain Brothers, New Delhi, 2003
- 3.Dennis G Shepherd, Aerospace Propulsion, Elsevier Publishing Company, New York, 1995.
- 4.Cohen H Rogers G F C, Saravana Mutto H I H, Gas Turbine Theory, Longman 5th Edition, New York, 2004.
- 5.Ganeshan V, Gas Turbines, Tata Me Graw Hills, New Delhi, 2003
- 6.Yadav, R Steam and Gas Turbines, Central Publishing House Ltd, Alllahabad, 2003.