WITH EFFECT FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2012 - 2013
ME 356
REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
Instruction 4 Periods per week
Duration of University Examination 3 Hours
University Examination 75 Marks
Sessional 25 Marks
UNIT-I
Introduction to Refrigeration: Definition of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, Necessity of Refrigeration and its applications, Methods of Refrigeration, Unit of Refrigeration and C.O.P. Reversed Carnot cycle, Limitations, Effect of operating temperatures,
Properties of Refrigerants: Survey, Designation, Desirable properties of refrigerants, Thermodynamic, Chemical and Physical properties, Classification of Refrigerants, Alternative refrigerants, Substitute for CFC Refrigerants, Global warming, Green House Effect and Future of Refrigerants.
Air Refrigeration Systems: Analysis of Bell-Coleman Cycle or Reversed Brayton cycle, Open and Dense air system, Application to aircraft refrigeration, Simple cooling system, Bootstrap refrigeration system, Regenerative cooling system and Reduced ambient cooling system.
UNIT-II
Vapour compression system: Working principle and essential components of Simple vapor compression Refrigeration cycle, Compressor, condenser, evaporator, and expansion devices, Analysis of cycle, C.O.P, Representation of the cycle on T-S, P-H and H-S charts. Performance improvement of simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle by means of flash chamber and accumulator.
Dry and wet compression, Effect of operating conditions like evaporating pressure, condenser pressure, Liquid sub-cooling and Vapor super heating, Performance of the system.
Low temperature refrigeration system (with single load system), Compound compression with water inter cooler and Flash intercooler, Cascade refrigeration system-Analysis and advantages
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UNIT-III
Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System: Simple absorption systems, COP, Practical ammonia absorption refrigeration system, Lithium bromide absorption system, Electrolux refrigerator, Common refrigerants and absorbents properties, Comparison with vapor compression refrigeration system
Steam Jet Refrigeration : Principle of working, Analysis of the system, Advantages, limitations and applications.
Non-Conventional Refrigeration Systems: Principle and operation of Thermoelectric Refrigeration Systems, Seebeck effect - Peltier effect - Thomson effect, Analysis, Pulse tube refrigeration system.
Introduction to Cryogenics- Advantages, Limitations and applications
UNIT-IV
Psychrometry: Psychrometric properties, Psychrometric chart, construction, Representation of Psychrometric processes on the chart, Heating and Cooling with Humidification and Dehumidification, Adiabatic dehumidification, adiabatic chemical dehumidification and mixing processes
Introduction to Air Conditioning: Requirements of comfort air conditioning, Thermodynamics of human body, Body temperature, Metabolism, Body defense and Human tolerance, Effect of heat on performance, ASHRE comfort chart, Effective temperature.
UNIT-V
Cooling Load Calculations in Air Conditioning: Concept of bypass factor, Sensible heat factor, Apparatus Dew Point, Room Sensible Heat Factor (RSHF), Gross Sensible Heat Factor (GSHF), Different heating and cooling loads, Problems.
Design of air conditioning systems: All fresh air, Re-circulated air with bypassed air, Design of Summer, Winter and Year round air conditioning systems, Energy conservation in air conditioned building, Case study of one building with all load calculations
Air Conditioning Systems: Types, Components of air conditioner equipments, Humidifier, Dehumidifier, Filter, Grills, Fans and Blowers, Duct layout.
Applications of Refrigeration and Air conditioning Food Preservation, Transport air conditioning, and Industrial applications
Suggested Reading :
- 1.Arora C.P., “Refrigeration and Air conditioning”, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2009.
- 2.Arora, S.C. and Domkundwar, S., “A Course in Refrigeration and Air conditioning”, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi, 2010.
- 3.Jain, V.K., “Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”, S Chand & Company, New Delhi, 2010.
- 4.Stocker, W.S., “Refrigeration and Air conditioning “, McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2009.